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To study various syndromes and their karyotypes in human beings

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Practical Notebook Biology Standard XII Biology  Answeres Practical Notebook Standard XII  Class-12th science Click here download in PDF 15. To study various syndromes and their karyotypes in human beings.   Alm -  To study the various syndromes and their karyotypes.  A karyotype is a name given to the whole group of characteristics that allow the identification of a particular chromosome set.  It includes the number and size of chromosomes that are constant for a species.  Chromosomes are arranged in a series of decreasing lengths representing what is called an idiogram.   The characteristics of chromosomes in making an idiogram are a number, length, position of the centromere, secondary constrictions, length of chromosome arms, arm ratio, banding pattern, etc.  The position of the centromere is different in different chromosomes but it is always constant for a particular chromosome.  You have already studied four different shapes of chromosomes based on the position of the centromer

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